Darcy-Forchheimer hybrid nanofluids flow with quadratic convection over a stretched tube

Abstract

The study of well-known Darcian fluidic streams and hybrid nanofluids is an essential need of nowadays researchers in regard to their exceptional heat transfer rates and implementations. The significance of hybrid nanofluids in controlling heat transmission cannot be overemphasized. Therefore, this article scrutinizes the Darcy Forchheimer flow of hybrid nanofluid toward a flexible tube. The flow rates near the surface of the cylinder are investigated by applying the Darcy-Forchheimer theory while examining the heat transfer rate, nonlinear convection expressions are used. The analysis also considers thermal radiation and chemical reactions. One of sophisticated numerical approach Runge–Kutta method (RK4) is selected for the proposed problem’s solution. The main novelty of present research is to examine the characteristics of hybrid nanofluids in the context of heat transfer over an extending cylinder for the purposes of enhancement regarding thermal transference and inertial impacts. Results shows that hybrid-based nanofluid provides upsurges in solid volume fraction of nanoparticles accompanied by an enhancement in the heat transfer rate by 4.32%, 5.8%, and 14.46% individually. The outcomes witnessed that hybrid based proposed nanofluids increased thermal transportation processes more effectively than other nanofluids.