Scientific Reports (Oct 2021)

Asymptomatic individuals can increase the final epidemic size under adaptive human behavior

  • Baltazar Espinoza,
  • Madhav Marathe,
  • Samarth Swarup,
  • Mugdha Thakur

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98999-2
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 11, no. 1
pp. 1 – 12

Abstract

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Abstract Infections produced by non-symptomatic (pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic) individuals have been identified as major drivers of COVID-19 transmission. Non-symptomatic individuals, unaware of the infection risk they pose to others, may perceive themselves—and be perceived by others—as not presenting a risk of infection. Yet, many epidemiological models currently in use do not include a behavioral component, and do not address the potential consequences of risk misperception. To study the impact of behavioral adaptations to the perceived infection risk, we use a mathematical model that incorporates the behavioral decisions of individuals, based on a projection of the system’s future state over a finite planning horizon. We found that individuals’ risk misperception in the presence of non-symptomatic individuals may increase or reduce the final epidemic size. Moreover, under behavioral response the impact of non-symptomatic infections is modulated by symptomatic individuals’ behavior. Finally, we found that there is an optimal planning horizon that minimizes the final epidemic size.