Cosmological Formation of (2 + 1)-Dimensional Soliton Structures in Models Possessing Potentials with Local Peaks

Abstract

Production of domain walls and string-like solitons in the model with two real scalar fields and potential with at least one saddle point and a local maximum is considered. The model is regarded as 2-dimensional spatial slices of 3-dimensional entire structures. It is shown that, in the early Universe, both types of solitons may appear. In addition, the qualitative estimate of the domain walls and strings formation probabilities is presented. It is found that the probability of the formation of string-like solitons is suppressed compared to that of domain walls.

Keywords

• early Universe
• solitons
• strings
• domain walls