Zhongguo youzhi (Jul 2022)
贵州不同油茶物种及产地对油茶籽油品质的影响Influence of different species and origins on quality of oil-tea camellia seed oil in Guizhou
Abstract
为探究贵州不同油茶的生产适应性，分析贵州本土油茶物种与普通油茶的差异性，研究不同产地对油茶籽油品质的影响，对贵州2个主要油茶物种（威宁短柱油茶、西南红山茶）和3个主要产地（贵阳、平塘、册亨）的普通油茶籽仁含油率及其制取油脂的理化特性、脂肪酸组成与活性物质含量进行检测，应用聚类分析和主成分分析进行综合评价。结果表明，威宁短柱油茶和西南红山茶籽仁的含油率较高，分别达到了57.76%和56.08%，与普通油茶差异显著（p＜0.05）。各物种及产地的油茶籽油不饱和脂肪酸相对含量差异不显著（p＞0.05），而威宁短柱油茶籽油和西南红山茶籽油饱和脂肪酸相对含量较高（p＜0.05）。平塘普通油茶籽油中总甾醇、维生素E、总黄酮含量最高，分别达到了354.63 mg/100 g、84.02 mg/kg和4.24 g/kg；威宁短柱油茶籽油的角鲨烯含量最高，为145.63 mg/kg；西南红山茶籽油的总酚含量最高，达到了208.69 mg/kg。聚类分析显示，威宁短柱油茶和西南红山茶为一类，贵阳和册亨的普通油茶为第二类，平塘的普通油茶单独为一类。主成分分析结果表明，西南红山茶的综合得分最高，威宁短柱油茶的次之，西南红山茶和威宁短柱油茶较适用于油茶籽油的生产加工。 In order to explore the production adaptability of different camellia from Guizhou， the differences between native camellia species and Camellia oleifera were analyzed，and the influence of different origins on the quality of oil-tea camellia seed oil was studied, the oil contents in seed kernel of 2 species of camellia seeds (Camellia saluenensis and Camellia pitardii ) and Camellia oleifera from three origins(Guiyang, Pingtang and Ceheng), and the physicochemical properties，fatty acid composition, and active substance content of their oils were determined. The indexes were comprehensively evaluated by systematic cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that the oil contents of Camellia saluenensis seed and Camellia pitardii seed were 57.76% and 56.08% respectively, which were significantly higher than that of the Camellia oleifera seed (p0.05). The contents of saturated fatty acids in Camellia saluenensis seed oil and Camellia pitardii seed oil were higher (p<0.05). The contents of sterols, vitamin E, and total flavonoids in Camellia oleifera seed oil from Pingtang were the highest, reaching 354.63 mg/100 g, 84.02 mg/kg and 4.24 g/kg respectively. The Camellia saluenensis seed oil had the highest squalene content (145.63 mg/kg). The total polyphenol content in Camellia pitardii seed oil was the highest, reaching 208.69 mg/kg. Cluster analysis showed that Camellia saluenensis and Camellia pitardii were in the first category, the Camellia oleifera from Guiyang and Ceheng were in the second category, and Camellia oleifera from Pingtang was other category. The results of principal component analysis showed that Camellia pitardii had the highest scores, followed by Camellia saluenensis, and the seeds of Camellia pitardii and Camellia saluenensis were more suitable for the production and processing of oil-tea camellia seed oil.
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