Mitigation of bio-corrosion characteristics of coronary artery stent by optimising fs-laser micromachining parameters
Venkatesh Chenrayan,
Dhanabal Palanisamy,
Kalayarasan Mani,
Kiran Shahapurkar,
Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar,
Yasser Fouad,
M.A. Kalam,
Muhammad Mahmood Ali,
Muhammad Nasir Bashir
Affiliations
Venkatesh Chenrayan
Polymer Composite Processing and Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Alliance University, Anekal, Bengaluru, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
Dhanabal Palanisamy
Department of Mechanical Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
Kalayarasan Mani
Department of Mechanical Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
Kiran Shahapurkar
School of Mechanical, Chemical and Material Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia; Institute of Power Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India; Corresponding author. School of Mechanical, Chemical and Material Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia.
Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Opole University of Technology, 45-758, Opole, Poland; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248002, India
Yasser Fouad
Department of Applied Mechanical Engineering, College of Applied Engineering, Muzahimiyah Branch, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
M.A. Kalam
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
Muhammad Mahmood Ali
Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Intelligent Systems for Health and Environment (MISHE), Atlantic Technological University Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland; Department of Mechatronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Design, Atlantic Technological University, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland; Corresponding author. Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Intelligent Systems for Health and Environment (MISHE), Atlantic Technological University Sligo, Ash Lane, Sligo F91 YW50, Ireland.
Muhammad Nasir Bashir
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Department of Mechanical Engineering, CEME, National University of Sciences and Technology NUST, Islamabad, Pakistan; Corresponding author. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
Cardiovascular diseases, particularly coronary artery disease, pose big challenges to human life. Deployment of the stent is a preferable treatment for the above-mentioned disease. However, stents are usually made up of shape memory alloy called Nitinol. The poorer surface finish on the machined nitinol stents accelerates the migration of Nickel ions from the implanted nitinol stent, which is considered toxic and can lead to stenosis. The current study deals with controlling surface quality by minimising surface roughness and improving corrosion resistance. Femtosecond laser (fs-laser 10−15 s) micromachining was employed to machine the Nitinol surface to achieve sub-micron surface roughness. The Grey relational analysis (GRA)-coupled design of the experimental technique was implemented to determine optimal levels of four micromachining parameters (laser power, pulse frequency, scanning speed, and scanning pattern) varied at three levels to achieve minimum surface roughness and to maximise the volume ablation. The results show that to yield minimum surface roughness and maximum volume ablation, laser power and scanning speed are in a higher range. In contrast, the pulse frequency is lower, and the scanning pattern is in a zig-zag manner. ANOVA results manifest that scanning speed is the predominant factor in minimising surface roughness, followed by pulse frequency. Furthermore, the corrosion behaviour of the machined nitinol specimens was evaluated, and the results show that specimens with lower surface roughness had lower corrosion rates.
