Partial Rhombencephalosynapsis Presenting in an Adult with Cerebello-Trigeminal-Dermal Dysplasia

Abstract

Gomez-Lopez-Hernandez syndrome (GLHS), also known as cerebello-trigeminal-dermal dysplasia, is a neurocutaneous disorder typically presenting in childhood. GLHS is characterized by rhombencephalosynapsis (RES) and partial alopecia, with or without trigeminal anesthesia. We describe a rare case of GLHS in a paucisymptomatic adult who presented with new-onset seizure-like activity. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed partial midline fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres, incomplete development of vermis, and slight medialization of the dentate nuclei: all consistent with the diagnosis of RES. Radiographic evidence combined with partial alopecia, truncal ataxia, and muscular hypotonia are suggestive GLHS diagnosis. Our report not only highlights the importance of maintaining GLHS on the differential for new-onset seizure-like activity, but also demonstrates how patients with GLHS may be minimally symptomatic and diagnosed in adulthood. Lay Summary: The Gomez-Lopez-Hernandez syndrome (GLHS), or cerebellotrigeminal-dermal dysplasia, is a rare condition that affects both the nervous system and the skin. It involves abnormal development of the brain, partial alopecia [thinning of hair], and loss of sensation in the face. One specific brain malformation, called rhombencephalosynapsis (RES), results from abnormal formation of the cerebellum and is seen in GHLS.Both RES and GLHS present early in childhood, and cases presenting later in life are exceptionally rare. Here we describe a young adult with RES and GLHS whose normal development and mild clumsiness eluded recognition by doctors until early adulthood when she presented with a single seizure.

Keywords

• Rhombencephalosynapsis
• Cerebello-trigeminal-dermal dysplasia
• Gomez-Lopez-Hernandez syndrome
• Cerebellar dysfunction
• First-time onset seizures
• Adult