FLIGHT PHENOLOGY OF VESPID WASPS (HYMENOPTERA, VESPIDAE) IN NORTHERN MONGOLIA

Abstract

Flight phenology of forty-one vespid species were determined in northern Mongolia, using published data and our own samples. The studied species were divided into four phenological groups (summer species, late-summer species, summer-early autumn species and multi-seasonal species) depending on overlapping periods of the flight. Generally, flight phenology of vespid wasps in northern Mongolia is characterized as short lasting (50-150 days) between early May and late September, and mainly related with local environmental conditions and biology of particular species. Probability of occurrence of each species in particular time of the year was high (r-value ~1). The time of the year coincided for all studied species in a same period of time: from end of June to early August. Running title: Vespidae in northern Mongolia.

Keywords

• light phenology
• Mongolia
• social and solitary wasps
• Vespidae