Military Medical Research (Apr 2022)
Management of granulomatous lobular mastitis: an international multidisciplinary consensus (2021 edition)
- Qian-Qian Yuan,
- Shu-Xuan Xiao,
- Omar Farouk,
- Yu-Tang Du,
- Fereshte Sheybani,
- Qing Ting Tan,
- Sami Akbulut,
- Kenan Cetin,
- Afsaneh Alikhassi,
- Rami Jalal Yaghan,
- Irmak Durur-Subasi,
- Fatih Altintoprak,
- Tae Ik Eom,
- Fatih Alper,
- Mustafa Hasbahceci,
- David Martínez-Ramos,
- Pelin Seher Oztekin,
- Ava Kwong,
- Cedric W. Pluguez-Turull,
- Kirstyn E. Brownson,
- Shirish Chandanwale,
- Mehran Habibi,
- Liu-Yi Lan,
- Rui Zhou,
- Xian-Tao Zeng,
- Jiao Bai,
- Jun-Wen Bai,
- Qiong-Rong Chen,
- Xing Chen,
- Xiao-Ming Zha,
- Wen-Jie Dai,
- Zhi-Jun Dai,
- Qin-Yu Feng,
- Qing-Jun Gao,
- Run-Fang Gao,
- Bao-San Han,
- Jin-Xuan Hou,
- Wei Hou,
- Hai-Ying Liao,
- Hong Luo,
- Zheng-Ren Liu,
- Jing-Hua Lu,
- Bin Luo,
- Xiao-Peng Ma,
- Jun Qian,
- Jian-Yong Qin,
- Wei Wei,
- Gang Wei,
- Li-Ying Xu,
- Hui-Chao Xue,
- Hua-Wei Yang,
- Wei-Ge Yang,
- Chao-Jie Zhang,
- Fan Zhang,
- Guan-Xin Zhang,
- Shao-Kun Zhang,
- Shu-Qun Zhang,
- Ye-Qiang Zhang,
- Yue-Peng Zhang,
- Sheng-Chu Zhang,
- Dai-Wei Zhao,
- Xiang-Min Zheng,
- Le-Wei Zheng,
- Gao-Ran Xu,
- Wen-Bo Zhou,
- Gao-Song Wu
Affiliations
- Qian-Qian Yuan
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
- Shu-Xuan Xiao
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine
- Omar Farouk
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Breast Surgery, Oncology Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University
- Yu-Tang Du
- Department of Breast Surgery, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Fereshte Sheybani
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
- Qing Ting Tan
- Breast Department, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital
- Sami Akbulut
- Department of Surgery, Department of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine
- Kenan Cetin
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University
- Afsaneh Alikhassi
- Department of Radiology, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
- Rami Jalal Yaghan
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University-Bahrain
- Irmak Durur-Subasi
- Department of Radiology, International Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University
- Fatih Altintoprak
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University
- Tae Ik Eom
- Department of Surgery, HiU Clinic
- Fatih Alper
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University
- Mustafa Hasbahceci
- Academic Support and Education Center
- David Martínez-Ramos
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital General Castellon
- Pelin Seher Oztekin
- Radiology Department, Ankara Training and Research Hospital
- Ava Kwong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, China; The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital
- Cedric W. Pluguez-Turull
- University of Miami Health System and Miller School of Medicine
- Kirstyn E. Brownson
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute
- Shirish Chandanwale
- Department of Pathology, Dr D Y Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre
- Mehran Habibi
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Breast Center at Bayview Campus
- Liu-Yi Lan
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
- Rui Zhou
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
- Xian-Tao Zeng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
- Jiao Bai
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
- Jun-Wen Bai
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University
- Qiong-Rong Chen
- Center for Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Wuhan University
- Xing Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital
- Xiao-Ming Zha
- The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University
- Wen-Jie Dai
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery and the First Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
- Zhi-Jun Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine First Affiliated Hospital
- Qin-Yu Feng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
- Qing-Jun Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University
- Run-Fang Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital
- Bao-San Han
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
- Jin-Xuan Hou
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
- Wei Hou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zaoyang People’s Hospital
- Hai-Ying Liao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University
- Hong Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Guangshan County People’s Hospital
- Zheng-Ren Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University
- Jing-Hua Lu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Bin Luo
- Department of General Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital
- Xiao-Peng Ma
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital
- Jun Qian
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
- Jian-Yong Qin
- Department of Oncology, Liwan Central Hospital of Guangzhou
- Wei Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital
- Gang Wei
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
- Li-Ying Xu
- Department of Computed Tomography, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
- Hui-Chao Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Xinxiang Medical University First Affiliated Hospital
- Hua-Wei Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital
- Wei-Ge Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University
- Chao-Jie Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Guan-Xin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qinghai Province People’s Hospital
- Shao-Kun Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Qingdao Women and Children’s Hospital
- Shu-Qun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xi’an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital
- Ye-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Zaoyang First People’s Hospital
- Yue-Peng Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
- Sheng-Chu Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yichang Central People’s Hospital
- Dai-Wei Zhao
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou Medical University
- Xiang-Min Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital
- Le-Wei Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
- Gao-Ran Xu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
- Wen-Bo Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Dongfeng General Hospital Affiliated with Hubei Medical College
- Gao-Song Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-022-00380-5
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 9,
no. 1
pp. 1 – 15
Abstract
Abstract Granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) is a rare and chronic benign inflammatory disease of the breast. Difficulties exist in the management of GLM for many front-line surgeons and medical specialists who care for patients with inflammatory disorders of the breast. This consensus is summarized to establish evidence-based recommendations for the management of GLM. Literature was reviewed using PubMed from January 1, 1971 to July 31, 2020. Sixty-six international experienced multidisciplinary experts from 11 countries or regions were invited to review the evidence. Levels of evidence were determined using the American College of Physicians grading system, and recommendations were discussed until consensus. Experts discussed and concluded 30 recommendations on historical definitions, etiology and predisposing factors, diagnosis criteria, treatment, clinical stages, relapse and recurrence of GLM. GLM was recommended as a widely accepted definition. In addition, this consensus introduced a new clinical stages and management algorithm for GLM to provide individual treatment strategies. In conclusion, diagnosis of GLM depends on a combination of history, clinical manifestations, imaging examinations, laboratory examinations and pathology. The approach to treatment of GLM should be applied according to the different clinical stage of GLM. This evidence-based consensus would be valuable to assist front-line surgeons and medical specialists in the optimal management of GLM.
Keywords
- Granulomatous mastitis
- Granulomatous lobular mastitis
- Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
