OBESITY IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS (ASPECTS OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT IN OUTPATIENT SETTINGS)

Abstract

According to epidemiological studies in the Russian Federation, the prevalence of overweight in different regions ranges from 5.5 % to 11.8 %, and obesity affects more than 5.5 % of children living in rural areas and 8.5 % of urban children. Childhood obesity has both short-term and long-term adverse effects on physical and psychosocial health and is largely a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, orthopedic problems and mental disorders. The article describes the experience of doctors of pediatric endocrinologists of the Kuzbass Clinical Hospital named after S.V. Belyaev. Observations at a polyclinic consultation of 114 obese children and adolescents for 3 years showed the following: more than 99 % of children had primary (constitutional-exogenous type) obesity, adherence to treatment, i.e. long-term dieting, was observed in half of the patients, good results in weight loss were observed in adolescents of both sexes. 10 % of children had complications: a) disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in the form of impaired carbohydrate tolerance, impaired fasting glycemia; b) fat metabolism in the form of hypertriglyceridemia, dyslipidemia; c) increased atherogenicity, fatty hepatosis; transient increase in blood pressure, flat feet and scoliosis, osteopenia. 10 % of patients had a violation of reproductive function-multifollicular ovaries, menstrual disorders; in 9 % of boys, the rate of puberty was delayed. In 20 % of children morbid obesity increased. Metabolic disorders in the form of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance appear in children already in preschool age.

Keywords

• ожирение
• дети
• подростки
• метаболические нарушения