Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Bioeconomy Science Center, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Bioeconomy Science Center, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
Growth and development of plants is ultimately driven by light energy captured through photosynthesis. ATP acts as universal cellular energy cofactor fuelling all life processes, including gene expression, metabolism, and transport. Despite a mechanistic understanding of ATP biochemistry, ATP dynamics in the living plant have been largely elusive. Here, we establish MgATP2- measurement in living plants using the fluorescent protein biosensor ATeam1.03-nD/nA. We generate Arabidopsis sensor lines and investigate the sensor in vitro under conditions appropriate for the plant cytosol. We establish an assay for ATP fluxes in isolated mitochondria, and demonstrate that the sensor responds rapidly and reliably to MgATP2- changes in planta. A MgATP2- map of the Arabidopsis seedling highlights different MgATP2- concentrations between tissues and within individual cell types, such as root hairs. Progression of hypoxia reveals substantial plasticity of ATP homeostasis in seedlings, demonstrating that ATP dynamics can be monitored in the living plant.
