Паёми Сино (Jun 2020)
SCREENING OF RISK FACTORS OF CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AMONG POPULATION OF THE HIGHLANDS IN TAJIKISTAN
Abstract
Objective: Screening of risk factors (RF) of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among the general population of the highlands, for example, the village of Vankala. Methods: A random sample has conducted by the screening of the RF NCDs using the STEPS questionnaire among 497 people (aged 18-90) from the general population living in the village of Vankala, Shugnan district, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region. Women were 265 (53.3%), and men – 232 (46.7%). Results: Overweight had 221 (44.5%) respondents (128 (57.9%) of them women and 93 (42.1%) men), including the obesity of the first (n=28; 63.6%) and the second (n=16; 36.4%) degree had 44 (19.9%) of people. The fact of active or passive smoking was observed in 136 (27.4%) of the respondents, of them (124 (53.4%) men and 12 (4.5%) women). The combination of smoking with other RF: hyperglycemia (CR 1.1; CI 95% 1.01-1.12), arterial hypertension (AH) (CR 1.3; CI 95% 1.1-1.4), chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) (CR 1.45; CI 95% 1.1-2.1). 124 (24.9%) of the respondents (102 (82.3%) men; 22 (17.7%) women) regularly consumed alcohol. The combination of smoking with alcohol is noted in 118 (23.7%) of the respondents. 58 (11.7%) of respondents used fats of animal origin daily, and 315 (63.4%) people did not take the recommended daily amount of fruit. A special diet was observed by 80 (16.1%) of respondents. AH was detected in 187 (37.6%) respondents (81 (43.3%) men and 106 (56.7%) women), in particular, I degree hypertension occurred in 140 people, II degree – in 41 (21.9%) and III degree – in 6 (3.2%). The high blood sugar rate was detected in 128 (25.8%) of the respondents, including 67 (52.3%) had impaired glucose tolerance, and 61 (47.7%) had diabetes mellitus. 73 (14.7%) of the respondents have identified violations of the lipid exchange rate of increased general cholesterol, LDLP and TG and a decrease in HDLP. Increased creatinine and urea levels occurred among 32 respondents. In 22 (4.4%) cases, there was a significant increase in ALT to 58.4±6.2 U/L and AST to 57.9±5.8 U/L. Conclusion: Most common and meaningful RF NCDs detected during screening were junk food, AH, alcohol abuse, smoking, impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia. The high prevalence of RF NCDs in the studied cohort dictates the need for the consolidation of healthy events and broad advocation of a healthy lifestyle.
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