Physics Letters B (Apr 2023)
A multidimensional study of the structure function ratio σLT′/σ0 from hard exclusive π+ electro-production off protons in the GPD regime
- S. Diehl,
- A. Kim,
- K. Joo,
- P. Achenbach,
- Z. Akbar,
- M.J. Amaryan,
- H. Atac,
- H. Avagyan,
- C. Ayerbe Gayoso,
- L. Baashen,
- L. Barion,
- M. Bashkanov,
- M. Battaglieri,
- I. Bedlinskiy,
- B. Benkel,
- F. Benmokhtar,
- A. Bianconi,
- A.S. Biselli,
- M. Bondi,
- W.A. Booth,
- F. Bossù,
- S. Boiarinov,
- K.-Th. Brinkmann,
- W.J. Briscoe,
- S. Bueltmann,
- D. Bulumulla,
- V.D. Burkert,
- D.S. Carman,
- A. Celentano,
- P. Chatagnon,
- V. Chesnokov,
- T. Chetry,
- G. Ciullo,
- G. Clash,
- P.L. Cole,
- M. Contalbrigo,
- G. Costantini,
- A. D'Angelo,
- N. Dashyan,
- R. De Vita,
- M. Defurne,
- A. Deur,
- C. Djalali,
- R. Dupre,
- H. Egiyan,
- M. Ehrhart,
- A. El Alaoui,
- L. El Fassi,
- L. Elouadrhiri,
- S. Fegan,
- A. Filippi,
- G. Gavalian,
- Y. Ghandilyan,
- G.P. Gilfoyle,
- D.I. Glazier,
- A.A. Golubenko,
- G. Gosta,
- R.W. Gothe,
- Y. Gotra,
- K.A. Griffioen,
- M. Guidal,
- K. Hafidi,
- H. Hakobyan,
- M. Hattawy,
- T.B. Hayward,
- D. Heddle,
- A. Hobart,
- M. Holtrop,
- Y. Ilieva,
- D.G. Ireland,
- E.L. Isupov,
- H.S. Jo,
- M. Khachatryan,
- A. Khanal,
- W. Kim,
- A. Kripko,
- V. Kubarovsky,
- V. Lagerquist,
- J.-M. Laget,
- L. Lanza,
- M. Leali,
- S. Lee,
- P. Lenisa,
- X. Li,
- K. Livingston,
- I. .J .D. MacGregor,
- D. Marchand,
- V. Mascagna,
- B. McKinnon,
- Z.E. Meziani,
- S. Migliorati,
- T. Mineeva,
- M. Mirazita,
- V. Mokeev,
- E. Molina,
- R.A. Montgomery,
- C. Munoz Camacho,
- P. Nadel-Turonski,
- P. Naidoo,
- K. Neupane,
- S. Niccolai,
- M. Nicol,
- G. Niculescu,
- M. Osipenko,
- M. Ouillon,
- P. Pandey,
- M. Paolone,
- L.L. Pappalardo,
- R. Paremuzyan,
- E. Pasyuk,
- S.J. Paul,
- W. Phelps,
- N. Pilleux,
- M. Pokhrel,
- J. Poudel,
- J.W. Price,
- Y. Prok,
- T. Reed,
- J. Richards,
- M. Ripani,
- J. Ritman,
- P. Rossi,
- F. Sabatié,
- C. Salgado,
- S. Schadmand,
- A. Schmidt,
- Y. Sharabian,
- E.V. Shirokov,
- U. Shrestha,
- P. Simmerling,
- D. Sokhan,
- N. Sparveris,
- M. Spreafico,
- S. Stepanyan,
- I.I. Strakovsky,
- S. Strauch,
- J.A. Tan,
- N. Trotta,
- M. Turisini,
- R. Tyson,
- M. Ungaro,
- S. Vallarino,
- L. Venturelli,
- H. Voskanyan,
- E. Voutier,
- D.P. Watts,
- X. Wei,
- R. Williams,
- R. Wishart,
- M.H. Wood,
- N. Zachariou,
- J. Zhang,
- Z.W. Zhao,
- M. Zurek
Affiliations
- S. Diehl
- II Physikalisches Institut der Universitaet Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Corresponding author.
- A. Kim
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- K. Joo
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- P. Achenbach
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
- Z. Akbar
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA; Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
- M.J. Amaryan
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
- H. Atac
- Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- H. Avagyan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
- C. Ayerbe Gayoso
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA
- L. Baashen
- Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- L. Barion
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
- M. Bashkanov
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- M. Battaglieri
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
- I. Bedlinskiy
- National Research Centre Kurchatov Institute - ITEP, Moscow 117259, Russia
- B. Benkel
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V, Valparaíso, Chile
- F. Benmokhtar
- Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
- A. Bianconi
- Universit‘a degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- A.S. Biselli
- Fairfield University, Fairfield CT 06824, USA
- M. Bondi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- W.A. Booth
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- F. Bossù
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- S. Boiarinov
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
- K.-Th. Brinkmann
- II Physikalisches Institut der Universitaet Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- W.J. Briscoe
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- S. Bueltmann
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
- D. Bulumulla
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
- V.D. Burkert
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
- D.S. Carman
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
- A. Celentano
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
- P. Chatagnon
- Universit'e Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
- V. Chesnokov
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- T. Chetry
- Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762-5167, USA; Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- G. Ciullo
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy; Universita' di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- G. Clash
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- P.L. Cole
- Lamar University, 4400 MLK Blvd, PO Box 10046, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA
- M. Contalbrigo
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
- G. Costantini
- Universit‘a degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- A. D'Angelo
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; Universita' di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- N. Dashyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- R. De Vita
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
- M. Defurne
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- A. Deur
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
- C. Djalali
- Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- R. Dupre
- Universit'e Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
- H. Egiyan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
- M. Ehrhart
- Universit'e Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
- A. El Alaoui
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V, Valparaíso, Chile
- L. El Fassi
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762-5167, USA
- L. Elouadrhiri
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
- S. Fegan
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- A. Filippi
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
- G. Gavalian
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
- Y. Ghandilyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- G.P. Gilfoyle
- University of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173, USA
- D.I. Glazier
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- A.A. Golubenko
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- G. Gosta
- Universit‘a degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- R.W. Gothe
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Y. Gotra
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
- K.A. Griffioen
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA
- M. Guidal
- Universit'e Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
- K. Hafidi
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
- H. Hakobyan
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V, Valparaíso, Chile
- M. Hattawy
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA; Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
- T.B. Hayward
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- D. Heddle
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA; Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
- A. Hobart
- Universit'e Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
- M. Holtrop
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824-3568, USA
- Y. Ilieva
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- D.G. Ireland
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- E.L. Isupov
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- H.S. Jo
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- M. Khachatryan
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
- A. Khanal
- Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- W. Kim
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- A. Kripko
- II Physikalisches Institut der Universitaet Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- V. Kubarovsky
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
- V. Lagerquist
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
- J.-M. Laget
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
- L. Lanza
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- M. Leali
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Universit‘a degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- S. Lee
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
- P. Lenisa
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy; Universita' di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- X. Li
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA
- K. Livingston
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- I. .J .D. MacGregor
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- D. Marchand
- Universit'e Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
- V. Mascagna
- Universit‘a degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- B. McKinnon
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- Z.E. Meziani
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA; Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- S. Migliorati
- Universit‘a degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- T. Mineeva
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V, Valparaíso, Chile
- M. Mirazita
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
- V. Mokeev
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
- E. Molina
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V, Valparaíso, Chile
- R.A. Montgomery
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- C. Munoz Camacho
- Universit'e Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
- P. Nadel-Turonski
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
- P. Naidoo
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- K. Neupane
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- S. Niccolai
- Universit'e Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
- M. Nicol
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- G. Niculescu
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
- M. Osipenko
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
- M. Ouillon
- Universit'e Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
- P. Pandey
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
- M. Paolone
- New Mexico State University, PO Box 30001, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA; Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- L.L. Pappalardo
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy; Universita' di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- R. Paremuzyan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606, USA; University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824-3568, USA
- E. Pasyuk
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
- S.J. Paul
- University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- W. Phelps
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA; The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- N. Pilleux
- Universit'e Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
- M. Pokhrel
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
- J. Poudel
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
- J.W. Price
- California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747, USA
- Y. Prok
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
- T. Reed
- Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- J. Richards
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- M. Ripani
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
- J. Ritman
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany; Institute fur Kernphysik (Juelich), Juelich, Germany
- P. Rossi
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606, USA; INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
- F. Sabatié
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- C. Salgado
- Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA 23504, USA
- S. Schadmand
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany; Institute fur Kernphysik (Juelich), Juelich, Germany
- A. Schmidt
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA
- Y. Sharabian
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
- E.V. Shirokov
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- U. Shrestha
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- P. Simmerling
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- D. Sokhan
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- N. Sparveris
- Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- M. Spreafico
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
- S. Stepanyan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
- I.I. Strakovsky
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- S. Strauch
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- J.A. Tan
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- N. Trotta
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- M. Turisini
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
- R. Tyson
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- M. Ungaro
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
- S. Vallarino
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
- L. Venturelli
- Universit‘a degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; INFN, Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- H. Voskanyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
- E. Voutier
- Universit'e Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
- D.P. Watts
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- X. Wei
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
- R. Williams
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- R. Wishart
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- M.H. Wood
- Canisius College, Buffalo, NY, USA
- N. Zachariou
- University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- J. Zhang
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA
- Z.W. Zhao
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0305, USA; Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
- M. Zurek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
- Journal volume & issue
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Vol. 839
p. 137761
Abstract
A multidimensional extraction of the structure function ratio σLT′/σ0 from the hard exclusive e→p→e′nπ+ reaction above the resonance region has been performed. The study was done based on beam-spin asymmetry measurements using a 10.6 GeV incident electron beam on a liquid-hydrogen target and the CLAS12 spectrometer at Jefferson Lab. The measurements focus on the very forward regime (t/Q2 ≪ 1) with a wide kinematic range of xB in the valence regime (0.17 < xB < 0.55), and virtualities Q2 ranging from 1.5 GeV2 up to 6 GeV2. The results and their comparison to theoretical models based on Generalized Parton Distributions demonstrate the sensitivity to chiral-odd GPDs and the directly related tensor charge of the nucleon. In addition, the data is compared to an extension of a Regge formalism at high photon virtualities. It was found that the Regge model provides a better description at low Q2, while the GPD model is more appropriate at high Q2.
