A quantitative roadmap for China towards carbon neutrality in 2060 using methanol and ammonia as energy carriers
Yinan Li,
Song Lan,
Morten Ryberg,
Javier Pérez-Ramírez,
Xiaonan Wang
Affiliations
Yinan Li
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive, Singapore 117585, Singapore
Song Lan
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive, Singapore 117585, Singapore
Morten Ryberg
Quantitative Sustainability Assessment Group, Sustainability Division, Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
Javier Pérez-Ramírez
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive, Singapore 117585, Singapore; Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, HCIE125, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; Corresponding author
Xiaonan Wang
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive, Singapore 117585, Singapore; Corresponding author
Summary: Carbon neutrality by 2060 is the recent expression of China's international commitment to reduce its carbon dioxide emissions. Energy and chemical sectors, the two main contributors for carbon dioxide emissions in China, are the biggest bottlenecks for reaching the objective of carbon neutrality. Moreover, coal-to-ammonia production and coal-to-methanol production are the major CO2 emission process contributors in China's coal chemical sector. Herein, a possible route to the carbon neutral target based on energy-chemical nexus for electricity generation as well as methanol and ammonia production is proposed in this study. The most cost-effective solution for meeting the commitment is identified by considering regional variations in renewable and non-renewable resources and adopting an optimized regional cooperation. According to the roadmap presented in this study, an optimized combination of fossil fuels and renewable energies forming “blue energy economy” is feasible and promising.
