Surgical management for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms with synchronous hepatic metastases: A literature review

Abstract

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) are a group of heterogeneous neoplasms originating from pancreatic neuroendocrine cells. In recent years, with the development of diagnostic technology, the incidence has increased in the past decades. The surgical treatment for pNEN with synchronous hepatic metastasis (sHM) is complicated, and the indications and prognosis are still controversial. This review provides a comprehensive update of current evidence and progress in guideline recommendations for pNEN-sHM to improve surgical management.

Keywords

• Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm
• Synchronous hepatic metastases
• Surgical management