Parametric optimization of cyanobacterial coagulation at exponential and decline phases by combining polyaluminum chloride and cationic polyacrylamide

Abstract

Microcystis spp. is the most common and problematic species during cyanobacterial bloom. This study employed Microcystis aeruginosa for coagulation experiments. Effects of polyaluminum chloride (PAC), cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM), and pH value on cyanobacterial removal at exponential and decline phases by coagulation were investigated by measuring chlorophyll a. A mathematical model between factors and response variables was established using response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that factors of CPAM dosage, PAC dosage, and pH value could strongly affect the removal ratio of Microcystis at both exponential and decline phases. RSM revealed that the order of influence factors on the removal of chlorophyll a was CPAM > PAC > pH for Microcystis at the exponential phase, and these orders of CPAM > PAC > pH (PAC coagulation) and CPAM > PAC > pH (CPAM coagulation) were for Microcystis at the decline phase. It suggested that the growth phase of cyanobacteria was also quite important to optimize the coagulation process. Besides, a fitted model was developed, and it could well predict the removal ratio of chlorophyll a by coagulation with various treatments. The model recommended dosages of CPAM (3.72 mg/L) and PAC (10.23 mg/L) for Microcystis at the exponential phase with a pH value of 8.25, and dosages of CPAM (5.98 mg/L) and PAC (17.81 mg/L) were for Microcystis at the decline phase with a pH value of 8.21. Overall, these results would provide a technical guideline of combining PAC and CPAM to treat cyanobacteria at exponential and decline phases. HIGHLIGHTS Effects of PAC, CPAM, and pH differed for Microcystis at exponential and decline phases.; Interaction between PAC and CPAM dosages was significant during coagulation.; Fitted models could well predict the actual removal ratio of Microcystis by coagulation.; The removal ratio of Microcystis reached 82.49–94.38% with optimized dosages of PAC and CPAM.;

Keywords

• cationic polyacrylamide
• coagulation
• cyanobacterial growth phase
• polyaluminum chloride
• response surface methodology
• successive bloom