Development and validation of a nomogram including lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio for initial prostate biopsy: a double-center retrospective study

Abstract

Here, we developed a prostate cancer (PCa) risk nomogram including lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) for initial prostate biopsy, and internal and external validation were further conducted. A prediction model was developed on a training set. Significant risk factors with P 4% and <99%. The nomogram predicting PCa risk in patients with PSA 4–10 ng ml−1 also displayed good calibration and discrimination performance (C-index: 0.734, 95% CI: 0.708–0.760). This nomogram incorporating age, PSA, digital rectal examination, abnormal imaging signals, PSA density, and LMR could be used to facilitate individual PCa risk prediction in initial prostate biopsy.

Keywords

• lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio; nomogram; prostate biopsy; prostate cancer