A primer for students regarding advanced topics in cardiothoracic surgery, part 2: Primer 7 of 7Central Message

• Edgar Aranda-Michel, MD, PhD,
• Omar Toubat, PhD,
• Zach Brennan, BS,
• Rohun Bhagat, MD,
• Mary Siki, BS,
• Sarin Paluri, BS,
• Matthew Duda, MD,
• Jason Han, MD,
• Caroline Komlo, MD,
• David Blitzer, MD,
• Clauden Louis, MD,
• Eric Pruitt, MD,
• Ibrahim Sultan, MD

Affiliations

Edgar Aranda-Michel, MD, PhD

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa

Omar Toubat, PhD

Department of Cardiac Surgery, Keck Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif

Zach Brennan, BS

Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Mich

Rohun Bhagat, MD

Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Address for reprints: Rohun Bhagat, MD, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart, Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195.

Mary Siki, BS

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, La

Sarin Paluri, BS

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Chicago, Ill

Matthew Duda, MD

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif

Jason Han, MD

Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa

Caroline Komlo, MD

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, Conn

David Blitzer, MD

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY

Clauden Louis, MD

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Mass

Eric Pruitt, MD

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Keck Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif; Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Mich; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, La; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Chicago, Ill; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, Conn; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Mass; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla

Ibrahim Sultan, MD

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa