The association between metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance with risk of cardiovascular events in different states of cardiovascular health status

Abstract

ABSTRACT Aims/Introduction The aim was to examine the joint effect of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance (IR) with ideal cardiovascular health (iCVH) status on incident cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Materials and Methods The study included 6,240 Iranian adults ≥30 years, free of prior cardiovascular disease. Ideal cardiovascular health was determined based on American Heart Association's Life Simple 7. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the Joint Interim Statement Criteria, and insulin resistance was defined as HOMA‐IR ≥1.85 in women and ≥2.17 in men. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs) were applied to examine the impact of metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance at various levels of iCVH status. Results During the median follow‐up of 14.0 years, 909 cases of cardiovascular disease occurred. Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance were significantly associated with incident cardiovascular disease events. In the poor and intermediate status, metabolic syndrome increased cardiovascular disease events with HRs of 1.83 and 1.57, respectively; the corresponding values for insulin resistance in the mentioned categories were 1.91 and 1.25, respectively (P values < 0.05). In the intermediate and poor iCVH status, hypertriglyceridemia was linked to a 40% and 35% higher risk of cardiovascular disease, the corresponding values for low HDL‐C was 20% and 60%, respectively (P values < 0.05). Although adding metabolic syndrome, its dyslipidemia and insulin resistance to iCVH status in both poor and intermediate status significantly improve the prediction of cardiovascular disease using net reclassification improvement (P values < 0.05), the value of C‐index did not change. Conclusions Metabolic syndrome and the dyslipidemia component had a negligible but significant improvement in the prediction of cardiovascular disease among individuals with non‐optimal iCVH status.

Keywords

• Ideal cardiovascular health
• Insulin resistance
• Metabolic syndrome