Assessment of Three-Dimensional Interpolation Method in Hydrologic Analysis in the East China Sea

Abstract

The water mass in the East China Sea (ECS) shelf has a complicated three-dimensional (3D) hydrologic structure. However, previous studies mostly concentrated on the sea surface based on the sparse in situ and incomplete satellite-derived observations. Therefore, the 3D interpolation technology was introduced for the reconstruction of hydrologic structure in the ECS shelf using in situ temperature and salinity observations in the summer and autumn of 2010 to 2011. Considering the high accuracy and good fitness of the radial basis function (RBF) methods, we applied the RBF methods to the in situ observations to completely reconstruct the 3D hydrologic fields. Other 3D interpolation methods and 2D methods were also tested for a comparison. The cubic and thin plate spline RBFs were recommended because their mean absolute error (MAE) in the 10-fold cross-validation experiments maintained the order of ~10−2. The 3D RBF reconstructions showed a reasonable 3D hydrologic structure and extra details of the water masses in the ECS shelf. It also helps evaluate regional satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST). Comparisons between the interpolated and satellite-derived SST indicates that the large bias of satellite-derived SST in the daytime corresponds to weak mixing during low-speed wind and shows seasonal variation.

Keywords

• 3D RBF interpolation
• cross-validation
• temperature and salinity
• East China Sea
• sea surface temperature