Pattern Changes of Stroke Frequency in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with an increased risk of acute cerebrovascular disease. Objectives: In this study, we compared the relative frequency of ischemic stroke (IS) and intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic with a similar period in the previous year. Materials & Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with acute ischemic stroke and IPH. They were admitted to an academic stroke referral hospital in Guilan Province, Iran, between December 2019 and June 2020 (COVID-19 pandemic period) and a similar 6-month period in the previous year. This study compared the patients’ demographic data, clinical information, risk factors, comorbidities, and outcomes. Results: A remarkable reduction of 28.6% in the relative frequency of stroke admission was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic period compared with the same period in the previous year (P<0.001). The ratio of ischemic stroke to hemorrhagic stroke decreased from 2.6 in the corresponding period during the last year to 2.2 during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic period. However, this change was not significant (P=0.232). Conclusion: This study revealed that the relative frequency of stroke significantly declined at the pandemic’s peak compared to the same time in the previous year despite cerebrovascular complications associated with COVID-19. However, the ratio of ischemic stroke to hemorrhagic stroke did not change significantly.

Keywords

• stroke
• ischemia
• hemorrhage
• covid-19
• pandemic