Randomized Trials Fit for the 21st Century. A Joint Opinion from the European Society of Cardiology, American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, and the World Heart Federation

• Louise Bowman,
• Franz Weidinger,
• Michelle A. Albert,
• Edward T. A. Fry,
• Fausto J. Pinto,
• For the Clinical Trial Expert Group and ESC Patient Forum

Affiliations

Louise Bowman

Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford; Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford

Franz Weidinger

President, European Society of Cardiology, 2nd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Landstrasse, Vienna

Michelle A. Albert

President, American Heart Association. Walter A. Haas-Lucie Stern Endowed Chair in Cardiology and Admissions Dean, University of California San Francisco Medical School. Director, CeNter for the StUdy of AdveRsiTy and CardiovascUlaR DiseasE (NURTURE Center), San Francisco, CA

Edward T. A. Fry

President, American College of Cardiology, Washington, DC; Chair, Ascension Health Cardiovascular Service Line, Indianapolis, IN

Fausto J. Pinto

President, World Heart Federation, Geneva, CH; Department of Cardiology, Santa Maria University Hospital, CHULN E.P.E., CCUL, University of Lisbon, Lisbon

For the Clinical Trial Expert Group and ESC Patient Forum