Validation of Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer scale in a Moroccan sample of breast cancer women
Mohammed El Amine Ragala,
Jaouad El Hilaly,
Lamiae Amaadour,
Majid Omari,
Achraf E. L. AsriI,
Mariam Atassi,
Zineb Benbrahim,
Nawfel Mellas,
Karima E. L. Rhazi,
Karima Halim,
Btissame Zarrouq
Affiliations
Mohammed El Amine Ragala
Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health & Quality of Life, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University
Jaouad El Hilaly
Laboratory of Pedagogical and Didactic Engineering of Sciences and Mathematics, Regional Center of Education and Training (CRMEF) of Fez. Rue Koweit
Lamiae Amaadour
Medical Oncology Department, Hassan II University Hospital
Majid Omari
Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health & Quality of Life, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University
Achraf E. L. AsriI
Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University
Mariam Atassi
Laboratory of Epidemiology, Clinical Research, and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed I University
Zineb Benbrahim
Medical Oncology Department, Hassan II University Hospital
Nawfel Mellas
Medical Oncology Department, Hassan II University Hospital
Karima E. L. Rhazi
Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University
Karima Halim
Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health & Quality of Life, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University
Btissame Zarrouq
Teachers Training College (Ecole Normale Superieure), Department of Biology and Geology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University
Abstract Background The Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale (Mini-MAC) instrument is commonly used worldwide by professionals of oncology, but the scale has not, up to date, been validated in Arabic and Moroccan context, and there is an absence of data in the Moroccan population. This study aims to validate the Mini-MAC, translated and adapted to the Arabic language and Moroccan culture, in women with breast cancer. Methods Data were analyzed in two successive phases. First, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to assess the factor structure in the pilot sample (N = 158). Then, this structure was confirmed in the validation sample (N = 203) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed Watson’s original structure underlying the Mini-MAC items: Helpless/Hopeless, Anxious Preoccupation, Fighting Spirit, Cognitive Avoidance, and Fatalism. Absolute, incremental, and parsimonious fit indices showed a highly significant level of acceptance confirming a good performance of the measurement model. The instrument showed sufficient reliability and convergent validity demonstrated by acceptable values of composite reliability (CR =0.93–0.97), and average variance extracted (AVE = 0.66–0.93), respectively. The square roots of AVE were higher than factor-factor pairs correlations, and the Heterotrait-Monotrait ratio of correlations values were lesser than 0.85, indicating acceptable discriminant validity. Conclusions reliability; and both convergent and discriminant validity tests indicated that the Arabic version of the Mini-MAC had a good performance and may serve as a valid tool measuring psychological responses to cancer diagnosis and treatment.
