Attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination and willingness to pay: comparison of people with and without mental disorders in China
Fengyi Hao,
Bokun Wang,
Wanqiu Tan,
Syeda Fabeha Husain,
Roger S. McIntyre,
Xiangdong Tang,
Ling Zhang,
Xiaofan Han,
Li Jiang,
Nicholas W. S. Chew,
Benjamin Yong-Qiang Tan,
Bach Tran,
Zhisong Zhang,
Gia Linh Vu,
Giang Thu Vu,
Roger Ho,
Cyrus S. Ho,
Vijay K. Sharma
Affiliations
Fengyi Hao
Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; and Department of Psychiatry, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, China
Bokun Wang
Modern Service Industry Bureau, Chongqing Liangjiang New Area Administration Committee, China
Wanqiu Tan
Department of Psychiatry, National University of Singapore (Chongqing) Research Institute, China
Syeda Fabeha Husain
Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Roger S. McIntyre
Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Ontario, Canada
Xiangdong Tang
Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China; and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
Ling Zhang
Department of Psychiatry, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, China
Xiaofan Han
Department of Psychiatry, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, China
Li Jiang
Department of Psychiatry, The First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, China
Nicholas W. S. Chew
Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
Benjamin Yong-Qiang Tan
Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
Bach Tran
Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Vietnam; and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Maryland, USA
Zhisong Zhang
Faculty of Education, Huaibei Normal University, China
Gia Linh Vu
Institute for Global Health Innovations and Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Vietnam
Giang Thu Vu
Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Vietnam
Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; and Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore
Cyrus S. Ho
Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Vijay K. Sharma
Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore; and Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Background Acceptance and willingness to pay for the COVID-19 vaccine are unknown. Aims We compared attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination in people suffering from depression or anxiety disorder and people without mental disorders, and their willingness to pay for it. Method Adults with depression or anxiety disorder (n = 79) and healthy controls (n = 134) living in Chongqing, China, completed a cross-sectional study between 13 and 26 January 2021. We used a validated survey to assess eight aspects related to attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccines. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed by the 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Results Seventy-six people with depression or anxiety disorder (96.2%) and 134 healthy controls (100%) reported willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. A significantly higher proportion of people with depression or anxiety disorder (64.5%) were more willing to pay for the COVID-19 vaccine than healthy controls (38.1%) (P ≤ 0.001). After multivariate adjustment, severity of depression and anxiety was significantly associated with willingness to pay for COVID-19 vaccination among psychiatric patients (P = 0.048). Non-healthcare workers (P = 0.039), health insurance (P = 0.003), living with children (P = 0.006) and internalised stigma (P = 0.002) were significant factors associated with willingness to pay for COVID-19 vaccine in healthy controls. Conclusions To conclude, psychiatric patients in Chongqing, China, showed high acceptance and willingness to pay for the COVID-19 vaccine. Factors associated with willingness to pay for the COVID-19 vaccine differed between psychiatric patients and healthy controls.
