Viruses (Nov 2014)
Nomenclature- and Database-Compatible Names for the Two Ebola Virus Variants that Emerged in Guinea and the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2014
- Jens H. Kuhn,
- Kristian G. Andersen,
- Sylvain Baize,
- Yīmíng Bào,
- Sina Bavari,
- Nicolas Berthet,
- Olga Blinkova,
- J. Rodney Brister,
- Anna N. Clawson,
- Joseph Fair,
- Martin Gabriel,
- Robert F. Garry,
- Stephen K. Gire,
- Augustine Goba,
- Jean-Paul Gonzalez,
- Stephan Günther,
- Christian T. Happi,
- Peter B. Jahrling,
- Jimmy Kapetshi,
- Gary Kobinger,
- Jeffrey R. Kugelman,
- Eric M. Leroy,
- Gael Darren Maganga,
- Placide K. Mbala,
- Lina M. Moses,
- Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum,
- Magassouba N'Faly,
- Stuart T. Nichol,
- Sunday A. Omilabu,
- Gustavo Palacios,
- Daniel J. Park,
- Janusz T. Paweska,
- Sheli R. Radoshitzky,
- Cynthia A. Rossi,
- Pardis C. Sabeti,
- John S. Schieffelin,
- Randal J. Schoepp,
- Rachel Sealfon,
- Robert Swanepoel,
- Jonathan S. Towner,
- Jiro Wada,
- Nadia Wauquier,
- Nathan L. Yozwiak,
- Pierre Formenty
Affiliations
- Jens H. Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Kristian G. Andersen
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Sylvain Baize
- Unité de Biologie des Infections Virales Emergentes, Institut Pasteur, Lyon, France
- Yīmíng Bào
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
- Sina Bavari
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Nicolas Berthet
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, B. P. 769, Franceville, Gabon
- Olga Blinkova
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
- J. Rodney Brister
- Information Engineering Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
- Anna N. Clawson
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Joseph Fair
- Fondation Mérieux, Washington, DC 20036, USA
- Martin Gabriel
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg, 20259 Hamburg, Germany
- Robert F. Garry
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Stephen K. Gire
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Augustine Goba
- Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone
- Jean-Paul Gonzalez
- Metabiota, Inc., San Francisco, CA 94104, USA
- Stephan Günther
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg, 20259 Hamburg, Germany
- Christian T. Happi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, and African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer's University, Mowe, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Peter B. Jahrling
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Jimmy Kapetshi
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicales, Kinshasa-Gombe BP 1197, Republic of the Congo
- Gary Kobinger
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
- Jeffrey R. Kugelman
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Eric M. Leroy
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, B. P. 769, Franceville, Gabon
- Gael Darren Maganga
- Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville, B. P. 769, Franceville, Gabon
- Placide K. Mbala
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicales, Kinshasa-Gombe BP 1197, Republic of the Congo
- Lina M. Moses
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicales, Kinshasa-Gombe BP 1197, Republic of the Congo
- Magassouba N'Faly
- Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry, Laboratoire des fièvres hémorragiques en Guinée, Hôpital National Donka, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, BP 5680, Conakry, Guinea
- Stuart T. Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
- Sunday A. Omilabu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Private Mail Bag 12003, Lagos, Nigeria
- Gustavo Palacios
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Daniel J. Park
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Janusz T. Paweska
- Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham-Johannesburg 2192, Gauteng, South Africa
- Sheli R. Radoshitzky
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Cynthia A. Rossi
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Pardis C. Sabeti
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- John S. Schieffelin
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Randal J. Schoepp
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Rachel Sealfon
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Robert Swanepoel
- Zoonoses Research Unit, University of Pretoria, Private bag X20 Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Jonathan S. Towner
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
- Jiro Wada
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Nadia Wauquier
- Metabiota, Inc., San Francisco, CA 94104, USA
- Nathan L. Yozwiak
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Pierre Formenty
- World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/v6114760
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 6,
no. 11
pp. 4760 – 4799
Abstract
In 2014, Ebola virus (EBOV) was identified as the etiological agent of a large and still expanding outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa and a much more confined EVD outbreak in Middle Africa. Epidemiological and evolutionary analyses confirmed that all cases of both outbreaks are connected to a single introduction each of EBOV into human populations and that both outbreaks are not directly connected. Coding-complete genomic sequence analyses of isolates revealed that the two outbreaks were caused by two novel EBOV variants, and initial clinical observations suggest that neither of them should be considered strains. Here we present consensus decisions on naming for both variants (West Africa: “Makona”, Middle Africa: “Lomela”) and provide database-compatible full, shortened, and abbreviated names that are in line with recently established filovirus sub-species nomenclatures.
Keywords
- Ebola
- Ebola virus
- ebolavirus
- filovirid
- Filoviridae
- filovirus
- genome annotation
- Lomela
- Lokolia
- Makona
- mononegavirad
- Mononegavirales
- mononegavirus
- virus classification
- virus isolate
- virus nomenclature
- virus strain
- virus taxonomy
- virus variant
