Natural Fiber-Reinforced Polylactic Acid, Polylactic Acid Blends and Their Composites for Advanced Applications
R. A. Ilyas,
M. Y. M. Zuhri,
H. A. Aisyah,
M. R. M. Asyraf,
S. A. Hassan,
E. S. Zainudin,
S. M. Sapuan,
S. Sharma,
S. P. Bangar,
R. Jumaidin,
Y. Nawab,
A. A. M. Faudzi,
H. Abral,
M. Asrofi,
E. Syafri,
N. H. Sari
Affiliations
R. A. Ilyas
School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
M. Y. M. Zuhri
Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
H. A. Aisyah
Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
M. R. M. Asyraf
Institute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
S. A. Hassan
Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
E. S. Zainudin
Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
S. M. Sapuan
Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
S. Sharma
Department of Mechanical Engineering, IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Punjab 144603, India
S. P. Bangar
Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA
R. Jumaidin
Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Jalan Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal, Melaka 76100, Malaysia
Y. Nawab
Textile Composite Materials Research Group, National Center for Composite Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
A. A. M. Faudzi
School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
H. Abral
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andalas University, Padang 25163, Indonesia
M. Asrofi
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Jember, Kampus Tegalboto, Jember 68121, Indonesia
E. Syafri
Department of Agricultural Technology, Agricultural Polytechnic, Payakumbuh 26271, Indonesia
N. H. Sari
Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mataram, Mataram 83115, Indonesia
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a thermoplastic polymer produced from lactic acid that has been chiefly utilized in biodegradable material and as a composite matrix material. PLA is a prominent biomaterial that is widely used to replace traditional petrochemical-based polymers in various applications owing environmental concerns. Green composites have gained greater attention as ecological consciousness has grown since they have the potential to be more appealing than conventional petroleum-based composites, which are toxic and nonbiodegradable. PLA-based composites with natural fiber have been extensively utilized in a variety of applications, from packaging to medicine, due to their biodegradable, recyclable, high mechanical strength, low toxicity, good barrier properties, friendly processing, and excellent characteristics. A summary of natural fibers, green composites, and PLA, along with their respective properties, classification, functionality, and different processing methods, are discussed to discover the natural fiber-reinforced PLA composite material development for a wide range of applications. This work also emphasizes the research and properties of PLA-based green composites, PLA blend composites, and PLA hybrid composites over the past few years. PLA’s potential as a strong material in engineering applications areas is addressed. This review also covers issues, challenges, opportunities, and perspectives in developing and characterizing PLA-based green composites.