The Astrophysical Journal Letters (Jan 2025)
exoALMA. XIV. Gas Surface Densities in the RX J1604.3−2130 A Disk from Pressure-broadened CO Line Wings
- Tomohiro C. Yoshida,
- Pietro Curone,
- Jochen Stadler,
- Stefano Facchini,
- Richard Teague,
- Munetake Momose,
- Sean M. Andrews,
- Jaehan Bae,
- Marcelo Barraza-Alfaro,
- Myriam Benisty,
- Gianni Cataldi,
- Daniele Fasano,
- Mario Flock,
- Misato Fukagawa,
- Maria Galloway-Sprietsma,
- Himanshi Garg,
- Cassandra Hall,
- Jane Huang,
- John D. Ilee,
- Andrés F. Izquierdo,
- Kazuhiro Kanagawa,
- Geoffroy Lesur,
- Cristiano Longarini,
- Ryan A. Loomis,
- Ryuta Orihara,
- Christophe Pinte,
- Daniel J. Price,
- Giovanni Rosotti,
- Hsi-Wei Yen,
- Gaylor Wafflard-Fernandez,
- David J. Wilner,
- Andrew J. Winter,
- Lisa Wölfer,
- Brianna Zawadzki
Affiliations
- Tomohiro C. Yoshida
- ORCiD
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan ; [email protected]; Department of Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies , SOKENDAI, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- Pietro Curone
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy; Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile , Camino El Observatorio 1515, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- Jochen Stadler
- ORCiD
- Laboratoire Lagrange, Université Côte d’Azur , CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, 06304 Nice, France
- Stefano Facchini
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Richard Teague
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Munetake Momose
- ORCiD
- College of Science, Ibaraki University , 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
- Sean M. Andrews
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Jaehan Bae
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Marcelo Barraza-Alfaro
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Myriam Benisty
- ORCiD
- Laboratoire Lagrange, Université Côte d’Azur , CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, 06304 Nice, France; Max-Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA) , Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Gianni Cataldi
- ORCiD
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan ; [email protected]
- Daniele Fasano
- ORCiD
- Laboratoire Lagrange, Université Côte d’Azur , CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, 06304 Nice, France
- Mario Flock
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA) , Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Misato Fukagawa
- ORCiD
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan ; [email protected]
- Maria Galloway-Sprietsma
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Himanshi Garg
- ORCiD
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University , Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
- Cassandra Hall
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Georgia , Athens, GA 30602, USA; Center for Simulational Physics, The University of Georgia , Athens, GA 30602, USA; Institute for Artificial Intelligence, The University of Georgia , Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Jane Huang
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, Columbia University , 538 W. 120th Street, Pupin Hall, New York, NY, USA
- John D. Ilee
- ORCiD
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds , Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Andrés F. Izquierdo
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Leiden Observatory, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; European Southern Observatory , Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- Kazuhiro Kanagawa
- ORCiD
- College of Science, Ibaraki University , 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
- Geoffroy Lesur
- ORCiD
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Cristiano Longarini
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy; Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge , Madingley Road, CB3 0HA, Cambridge, UK
- Ryan A. Loomis
- ORCiD
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory , 520 Edgemont Rd., Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Ryuta Orihara
- ORCiD
- College of Science, Ibaraki University , 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
- Christophe Pinte
- ORCiD
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University , Clayton VIC 3800, Australia; Univ. Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Daniel J. Price
- ORCiD
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University , Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
- Giovanni Rosotti
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Hsi-Wei Yen
- ORCiD
- Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy & Astrophysics , 11F of Astronomy-Mathematics Building, AS/NTU, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Gaylor Wafflard-Fernandez
- ORCiD
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
- David J. Wilner
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Andrew J. Winter
- ORCiD
- Laboratoire Lagrange, Université Côte d’Azur , CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, 06304 Nice, France; Max-Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA) , Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Lisa Wölfer
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Brianna Zawadzki
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, Van Vleck Observatory, Wesleyan University , 96 Foss Hill Drive, Middletown, CT 06459, USA; Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adc42f
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 984,
no. 1
p. L19
Abstract
Gas surface density is one of the most relevant physical quantities in protoplanetary disks. However, its precise measurement remains highly challenging due to the lack of a direct tracer. In this study, we report the spatially resolved detection of pressure-broadened line wings in the CO J = 3–2 line in the RX J1604.3−2130 A transition disk as part of the exoALMA large program. Since pressure-broadened line wings are sensitive to the total gas volume density, we robustly constrain the radial dependence of the gas surface density and midplane pressure in the region located 50–110 au from the central star, which encompasses the dust ring of the system. The peak radius of the midplane pressure profile matches the dust ring radial location, directly proving radial dust trapping at a gas pressure maximum. The peak gas surface density is 18–44 g cm ^−2 and decreases at radii interior to and exterior of the dust ring. A comparison of the gas and dust surface densities suggests that the disk turbulence is as low as α _turb ∼ 2 × 10 ^−4 . Despite dust trapping, the gas-to-dust surface density ratio at the ring peak is 70–400, which implies already-formed protoplanets and/or less efficient dust trapping. The gas surface density drop at radii interior to the ring is consistent with a gas gap induced by a Jupiter-mass planet. The total gas mass within 50 < r < 110 au is estimated to be ∼0.05–0.1 M _⊙ (50–100 M _Jup ), suggesting that planetary system formation is possible.
Keywords