Український стоматологічний альманах (Mar 2016)
THE NEED FOR IMPROVED METHODS OF PROSTHESIS DISTALLY UNLIMITED DEFECTS IN THE DENTITION
Abstract
Partial absence of teeth is one of the most common types of dental pathology system. There is infinity of defects dentition variants. According to Eichner (1962) number of possible individual cases of pathology is 4 billion. However, this figure does not describe is the variety of clinics dentition defects, it hasn’t been taken to account the condition of the saved teeth, the shape of the toothless alveolar process alveolar part, the type of bite, age of patient overall functional status of the entire dentition, meanwhile these factors are the key in choosing the way for orthopedic treatment. Unilateral end dental defects among others are common - 18 - 36% of the cases. According to scientists this kind of defect is second only to defects in first class by Kennedy. If there is a one-sided final defect tooth, especially in the lower jaw, and at a young age in the dental system undergoes profound morphological and functional changes. Prolonged chewing food on one side only leads to changes in the shape of the articular surface. These changes are adaptive nature at first, but when saving reasons lead to arthropathy. Under the influence of constant chewing load type forms unilateral chewing. The lower jaw eventually forced occlusion shifted, changing the topography of the right and left of the joint. On the working side of the head TMJ compacted, shifted upwards as the outside, increasing the angle of articular sagittal path angle lateral articular path decreases. Thus there is a soft tissue compression joint develops aseptic inflammation, circulatory disorders and trophic. On the affected side there are reversible changes, articular head is shifted downwards and inwards anteriorly, compacted mound joint, decreases joint sagittal angle path angle lateral articular path increases. Pathology of the joint can be separated from the functional state masseter muscles. Significantly reduced chewing efficiency both affected and on the opposite side. This necessitates a unilateral end prosthetics defects dentition for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. The choice of medical devices used for the final prosthesis unilateral defects dentition is very wide. Plastic prosthesis is the most simple and accessible design, but it is most nonphysiological because transfers chewing pressure only on the mucous membrane and bone base, causing nonphysiological transformation and losing their active role. Cantilever load prosthetic appliances only periodontal supporting teeth, causing unilateral overload. The most rational structures should be considered Partial dentures, but they are not without drawbacks. Application of unilateral terminal defects of dentition simplest Partial dentures leads to the fact that the alveolar ridge and periodontal supporting teeth, limiting defect are overloaded. In addition to these structures, in literature there are reports of design based on periodontal tissues and mucosa. For example bridges prosthesis with a glass support ZX - 27. The so-called unilateral dentures, is known in the world of dental practice since the late 19th century, for over 100 years. However, reports of this type of prosthesis in literature are extremely rare. Most publications concerns the structural features of dentures, but not affecting their functional effects on the dental system. The problem of treatment of unilateral end dentition defect using designs based on supporting heterogeneous tissue prosthetic difficult enough complete picture of the statics and dynamics of the final seat. Castle mount in which a connection is often made, become part of the global practice. They are aesthetic, reliable, but not without flaws: most attachments containing eventually lose their properties for the production and use of expensive equipment required.
