Equivalent outcomes of human oocytes after vitrification or slow freezing with a modified rehydration protocol

Abstract

Abstract Background According to data from numerous research studies and reviews, the efficiency of the oocyte slow-freezing method is believed to be compromised. Here, we attempt to challenge this notion by showing our retrospective evaluation of the efficiency of the traditional vs. successfully modified method of slow-frozen oocyte recovery compared with that of vitrified oocytes. Specifically, we compared the efficiency of a modified thawing/rehydration system applied to oocytes that had already been slow-frozen with the effects of oocyte vitrification. Moreover, we verified this comparison using chemical activation of slow-frozen vs. vitrified oocytes and parthenogenetic embryo development. Results Twenty-two and 73 thawing cycles of slow-frozen oocytes were performed using traditional and modified rehydration methods, respectively. For comparison, 105 warming cycles of vitrified oocytes were analyzed. The survival rate of oocytes subjected to the traditional rehydration method was 65.1%. In contrast, significantly higher ratios of 89.8% and 89.7% of oocytes survived the thawing/warming procedure performed according to the modified rehydration procedure or vitrification, respectively (P ≤ 0.0001). Clinical pregnancy and implantation rates tended to be higher after a transfer of embryos developed in the modified rehydration group vs. traditional rehydration group (33.8% and 25.5% vs. 23.5% and 13.8%, respectively) and were comparable to vitrification effects (30.1% and 26.6%). Transfer of embryos developed after modified post-thawing rehydration method resulted in 23 births with 25 healthy and one preterm baby, not significantly different from 28 births reported after oocyte vitrification. Slow-frozen oocytes that were chemically activated after the superior modified rehydration method gave similar survival (91.9% vs. 99.0%), activation (76.0% vs. 64.6%) and blastocyst rates (15.2% vs. 9.4%) in comparison with vitrified oocytes, respectively. Conclusions The modified post-thawing rehydration method applied to slow-frozen oocytes offers benefits in terms of higher oocyte survival, fertilization, and development or activation rates, comparable to the respective measures of vitrified oocytes and, in clinical settings, high pregnancy, implantation, and birth rates. It may bring new hope to patients who have slow-frozen oocytes stored in IVF clinics.

Keywords

• Human oocyte
• Slow-freezing
• Propanediol
• Rehydration method
• Vitrification
• Chemical activation