Galaxy distributions as fractal systems

Abstract

Abstract This paper discusses if large scale galaxy distribution samples containing almost one million objects can be characterized as fractal systems. The analysis performed by Teles et al. (Phys Lett B 813:136034, 2021) on the UltraVISTA DR1 survey is extended here to the SPLASH and COSMOS2015 catalogs, hence adding 750k new galaxies with measured redshifts to the studied samples. The standard $$\Lambda $$ Λ CDM cosmology having $$H_0=(70\pm 5)$$ H 0 = ( 70 ± 5 ) km/s/Mpc and number density tools required for describing these galaxy distributions as single fractal systems with dimension D are adopted. We use the luminosity distance $$d_{\scriptscriptstyle L}$$ d L , redshift distance $$d_z$$ d z and galaxy area distance (transverse comoving distance) $$d_{\scriptscriptstyle G}$$ d G as relativistic distance definitions to derive galaxy number densities in the redshift interval $$0.1\le z\le 4$$ 0.1 ≤ z ≤ 4 at volume limited subsamples defined by absolute magnitudes in the K-band. Similar to the findings of Teles et al. (2021), the results show two consecutive redshift scales where galaxy distribution data behave as single fractal structures. For $$z1$$ z > 1 .