Surface characteristics of and in vitro behavior of osteoblast-like cells on titanium with nanotopography prepared by high-energy shot peening

Abstract

Zhennan Deng,1,2 Baodi Yin,1 Weihong Li,1 Jinsong Liu,1 Jingyuan Yang,1 Tieli Zheng,1 Dafeng Zhang,1 Haiyang Yu,2 Xiaoguang Liu,3 Jianfeng Ma1 1School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 2State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, 3National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China Background and methods: Commercial pure titanium with nanotopography was prepared via a high-energy shot-peening (HESP) technique. The surface characteristics were evaluated, and the preliminary cell responses to the nanotopographical surface were investigated.Results: The nanotopographical surface layer on titanium was successfully processed by HESP. The average nanoscale grains were approximately 60 nm in diameter and they were nonhomogeneously distributed on the surface. MG-63 cells with an osteogenic phenotype were well adhered and well spread on the nanostructured surface. Compared to the original polished control, the nanotopographical surface highly improved the adhesion, viability, and differentiation of MG-63 cells.Conclusion: Titanium with nanotopography achieved by HESP has good cytocompatibility and shows promise for dental implant applications. Keywords: nanotopography, cytocompatibility, titanium, high-energy shot peening