Scientific Reports (Mar 2023)

Dynamics of non-household contacts during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 in the Netherlands

  • Jantien A. Backer,
  • Laurens Bogaardt,
  • Philippe Beutels,
  • Pietro Coletti,
  • W. John Edmunds,
  • Amy Gimma,
  • Cheyenne C. E. van Hagen,
  • Niel Hens,
  • Christopher I. Jarvis,
  • Eric R. A. Vos,
  • James Wambua,
  • Denise Wong,
  • Kevin van Zandvoort,
  • Jacco Wallinga

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-32031-7
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 13, no. 1
pp. 1 – 9

Abstract

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Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic was in 2020 and 2021 for a large part mitigated by reducing contacts in the general population. To monitor how these contacts changed over the course of the pandemic in the Netherlands, a longitudinal survey was conducted where participants reported on their at-risk contacts every two weeks, as part of the European CoMix survey. The survey included 1659 participants from April to August 2020 and 2514 participants from December 2020 to September 2021. We categorized the number of unique contacted persons excluding household members, reported per participant per day into six activity levels, defined as 0, 1, 2, 3–4, 5–9 and 10 or more reported contacts. After correcting for age, vaccination status, risk status for severe outcome of infection, and frequency of participation, activity levels increased over time, coinciding with relaxation of COVID-19 control measures.