Acute Kidney Injury in the Patient with Cancer

Abstract

Over the last three decades, advancements in the diagnosis, treatment, and supportive care of patients with cancer have significantly improved their overall survival. However, these advancements have also led to a higher rate of cancer-related complications. Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are highly prevalent in patients with cancer, and they are associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. This bidirectional interplay between cancer and kidney, termed “the kidney–cancer connection” has become a very active area of research. This review aims to provide an overview of some of the most common causes of AKI in patients with cancer. Cancer therapy-associated AKI is beyond the scope of this review and will be discussed separately.

Keywords

• acute kidney injury (AKI)
• kidney replacement therapy (KRT)
• thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA)
• hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT)
• tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)