Infrared spectroscopy of synovial fluid as a potential screening approach for the diagnosis of naturally occurring canine osteoarthritis associated with cranial cruciate ligament rupture

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate infrared (IR) spectroscopy of synovial fluid (SF) as tool to differentiate between knees of dogs with naturally occurring OA associated with cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CrCLR) and controls. Method: 104 adult dogs with CrCLR (affected group) and 50 adult control dogs were recruited in a prospective observational study. Synovial fluid (SF) samples were collected preoperatively from dogs with CrCLR and from a subset of these at 4-, and 12-week post-surgery. Knee samples were collected bilaterally once from control dogs. Dried synovial fluid films were made, and IR absorbance spectra acquired. After preprocessing, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and ANOVA-simultaneous component analysis (ASCA) were used to evaluate group and temporal differences, and to develop predictive models. Results: There were statistically significant spectral differences between the SF of OA affected and control dogs at all three time-points (P < 0.001). Pairwise comparison of spectral SF of knees with CrCLR over time showed statistically significant differences amongst all three time-points (P < 0.001). The predictive model for identifying the affected group from control had sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of 97.6%, 99.7% and 98.6%, respectively. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate the ability of FTIR-spectroscopy of synovial fluid combined with chemometric methods to accurately differentiate dogs with OA secondary to CrCLR from controls. The role of this IR-based screening test as a diagnostic and monitoring biomarker for OA specific to the joint being sampled warrants further investigation.

Keywords

• Osteoarthritis
• Biomarker
• Infrared spectroscopy
• Knee
• Dog
• Synovial fluid