Efecto de la solarización en patógenos fungosos que afectan al Eucalipto (Eucalyptus urograndis) en condiciones de vivero

Abstract

Eucalyptus is the most cultivated hardwood tree genus in the world, valued for its yield and the quality of the wood for multiple uses; however, pathogens such as Rhizoctonia and Cylindrocladium threaten the establishment of the crop, since they cause seedling death in the nursery. Among the management strategies, disinfection of the substrate is recommended, and solarization is an effective alternative for the management of soil fungi. The objective of this research was to verify the survival of Rhizoctonia spp. and Cylindrocladium spp. in a nursery substrate subjected to solarization. The substrate was inoculated with two fungal isolates (Rhizoctonia spp. and Cylindrocladium spp.) at three depths (5, 10 and 15 cm), and treated with three solarization methods (free exposure, solarization and solarization + dazomet). Survival of pathogens in the substrate was measured at 15, 30 and 55 days after inoculation, and temperature at 10 and 15 cm depth. Solarization alone had no effect on pathogen mortality. Solarization plus dazomet decreased fungal presence by 100% at all depths and evaluation times. The solarized treatments increased substrate temperature by 49 and 40°C at 10 and 15 cm depth, respectively, with an increase of 10 and 7°C over the control. Therefore, solarization plus dazomet application can be used as a method of substrate disinfection in Eucalyptus nurseries.

Keywords

• dazomet
• fumigants
• integrated management
• soil disinfection
• soil fungi