Unraveling the mechanisms involved in human norovirus pathogenesis: An update in norovirus pathogenesis

Abstract

RNA viruses causing human diseases impinge public health and the worldwide economy, as are the case of the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. These infectious pathogens are well known to control cellular machinery to complete their replication cycle, specifically taking advantage of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane to build replication complexes (RCs). Norovirus (NV) is a major cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide; this emerging RNA virus is a small positive sense non-enveloped virus belonging to the family Caliciviridae. Recent advances in the development of NV study models have led to an increased understanding of NV replication, pathogenesis, cell tropism, and host immunity response; nonetheless, it remains a challenging pathogen to study due to the lack of a robust model for human NV propagation. Therefore, its pathogenesis is still under characterization. Here, we present an approach to the molecular mechanisms disturbing cellular homeostasis induced by viral protein interactions to specific usage of unfolded protein response and proteasome, cellular processes induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Keywords

• Norovirus. Endoplasmic reticulum. Unfolded protein response. Proteasome. RNA virus. Acute gastroenteritis.