Cancer Management and Research (Feb 2019)
Identification of chromosomal abnormalities and genomic features in near-triploidy/tetraploidy-acute leukemia by fluorescence in situ hybridization
Abstract
Ruqing Yang,1 Minghua Jiang,2 Junzhao Zhao,1 Hui Chen,2 Jian Gong,2 Yaying You,3 Laiyue Song,3 Zhen Li,4 Qian Li2 1Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; 2Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; 3The Second Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; 4Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, China Background: Near-triploidy/tetraploidy is rarely found in acute leukemia. Only limited data are available to characterize this condition, and it remains largely unknown. Patients and methods: In our study, we performed karyotype analysis on 1,031 patients diagnosed with acute leukemia from 2006 to 2018. A total of 10 patients of near-triploidy/tetraploidy karyotype were enrolled. Two cases of near-triploidy (66–79 chromosomes) and eight cases of near-tetraploidy (84–100 chromosomes) were identified. Bone marrow samples of these 10 patients were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization with 19 commercially available probes that detected a small portion of gene alterations and large regions of chromosome amplifications. Results: Of the six patients with acute myelocytic leukemia, we detected three cases of double t(8;21)(q22;q22) that have not been previously reported, and one of them demonstrated ins(21;8)(q22;q24q22). We also describe a novel pediatric case carrying double t(15;17)(q22;q21) and receiving targeted treatment with all-trans retinoic acid therapy. To date, this case has responded well to the regimen and has shown continuous complete remission. All patients received chemotherapy. One of them received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and survived for 22 months. Eight of the 10 patients died, and the median overall survival was 11 months. Conclusion: Using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we identified the distinct complex karyotype of near-triploidy/tetraploidy and provided further prognostic information. Tetraploidy acute promyelocytic leukemia had favorable prognosis; thus, HSCT was not necessary. The case of insertion t(21;8)(q22;q24q22) in tetraploidy responded poorly to chemotherapy and achieved molecular remission with difficultly. Data from patients in this group indicated that near-triploidy/tetraploidy acute leukemia has poor prognosis and new therapy is urgently needed. Keywords: near-triploidy, tetraploidy karyotype, acute leukemia, fluorescence in situ hybridization, gene
