Thickness of simple calcaneal tuberosity avulsion fractures influences the optimal fixation method employed

Abstract

Aims: This study aimed to establish the optimal fixation methods for calcaneal tuberosity avulsion fractures with different fragment thicknesses in a porcine model. Methods: A total of 36 porcine calcanea were sawed to create simple avulsion fractures with three different fragment thicknesses (5, 10, and 15 mm). They were randomly fixed with either two suture anchors or one headless screw. Load-to-failure and cyclic loading tension tests were performed for the biomechanical analysis. Results: This biomechanical study predicts that headless screw fixation is a better option if fragment thickness is over 15 mm in terms of the comparable peak failure load to suture anchor fixation (headless screw: 432.55 N (SD 62.25); suture anchor: 446.58 N (SD 84.97)), and less fracture fragment displacement after cyclic loading (headless screw: 3.94 N (SD 1.76); suture anchor: 8.68 N (SD 1.84)). Given that the fragment thickness is less than 10 mm, suture anchor fixation is a safer option. Conclusion: Fracture fragment thickness helps in making the decision of either using headless screw or suture anchor fixation in treating calcaneal tuberosity avulsion fracture, based on the regression models of our study. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2023;12(8):504–511.

Keywords

• avulsion fracture
• pullout strength
• calcaneal tuberosity fracture
• headless screw
• suture anchor
• avulsion fractures
• headless screw
• suture anchor fixation
• sutures of anchor
• calcanea
• biomechanical studies
• porcine model
• stiffness
• strength
• t-test