Efficient Electronic Patient Information Hiding Scheme With Tamper Detection Function for Medical Images

Abstract

With the rapid development of the electronic medical information systems and Internet technology, the frequency of electronic medical records (EMRs) and electronic patient information (EPIs) transmitted over the Internet and shared among authorized medical parties is gradually increased. Reversible data hiding in medical images is an efficient technique to embed an EPI or EMR into a medical image, such as X-ray, MRI etc. In this paper, a reversible data hiding scheme by using enhanced neighbor mean interpolation (ENMI) technology is proposed to expand each $2 \times 2$ block in the original image to a $3\times 3$ block. The four original pixels remaining at the four corners in each expanded block. Five derived pixels by using the ENMI interpolation algorithm are used to carry 4-bits secret data and a 1-bit authentication code with our proposed efficient data hiding strategy. Experimental results confirm that the detection performance and the robustness of the hidden data with our proposed scheme are significantly higher than that of the Geeth & Geeth scheme and other six representative schemes.

Keywords

• Data hiding
• interpolation
• tamper detection
• electronic patient information
• medical images