Lightweight On-Device Detection of Android Malware Based on the Koodous Platform and Machine Learning

Abstract

Currently, Android is the most popular operating system among mobile devices. However, as the number of devices with the Android operating system increases, so does the danger of using them. This is especially important as smartphones increasingly authenticate critical activities(e-banking, e-identity). BotSense Mobile is a tool already integrated with some critical applications (e-banking, e-identity) to increase user safety. In this paper, we focus on the novel functionality of BotSense Mobile: the detection of malware applications on a user device. In addition to the standard blacklist approach, we propose a machine learning-based model for unknown malicious application detection. The lightweight neural network model is deployed on an edge device to avoid sending sensitive user data outside the device. For the same reason, manifest-related features can be used by the detector only. We present a comprehensive empirical analysis of malware detection conducted on recent data (May–June, 2022) from the Koodous platform, which is a collaborative platform where over 70 million Android applications were collected. The research highlighted the problem of machine learning model aging. We evaluated the lightweight model on recent Koodous data and obtained f1=0.77 and high precision (0.9).

Keywords

• malware detection
• Android security
• Koodous platform
• models aging
• machine learning
• neural networks