Relationship of Health Belief Model with Medication Adherence and Risk Factor Prevention in Hypertension Patients in Cimahi City, Indonesia

Abstract

Background: Medical adherence is critical to hypertension treatment. Medication non-adherence is one of the problems affecting hypertensive patients. Belief in health treatment is very important to support adherence behavior, especially in hypertension. Aim: The present research aimed to determine the relationship of the health belief model with medical adherence and risk factor prevention in hypertension patients. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients referring to health centers in Cimahi City, Indonesia, in 2020. A total of 180 patients were selected via the purposive sampling method. The instrument used to measure medical treatment adherence and risk factor prevention was the Hill-Bone Compliance to High Blood Pressure Therapy Scale. The data were analyzed in SPSS Software using the Chi-square test and Logistic regression test. Results: The majority of participants were female (88.9%), unemployed (76.7%), within the age range of 40-59 years (60.0%), and had low education (75.0%). Moreover, most cases had health insurance (91.7%), with a maximum duration of hypertension less than 5 years (70.6%), and a body mass index (BMI) between 18.5-25.0 (45%). The health belief model was related to adherence to hypertension treatment (P<0.05); nonetheless, in the multivariate model, the perceived benefit had no significant relationship when entering into the regression model. Implications for Practice: To improve medication adherence and risk factor prevention in hypertensive patients, it is necessary to strengthen the health belief model with continuous and ongoing education about hypertension.

Keywords

• health belief model
• hypertension
• medical adherence