Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (Aug 2017)
Observations of VOC emissions and photochemical products over US oil- and gas-producing regions using high-resolution H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> CIMS (PTR-ToF-MS)
- A. Koss,
- A. Koss,
- A. Koss,
- B. Yuan,
- B. Yuan,
- B. Yuan,
- C. Warneke,
- C. Warneke,
- J. B. Gilman,
- B. M. Lerner,
- B. M. Lerner,
- B. M. Lerner,
- P. R. Veres,
- P. R. Veres,
- J. Peischl,
- J. Peischl,
- S. Eilerman,
- S. Eilerman,
- R. Wild,
- R. Wild,
- S. S. Brown,
- S. S. Brown,
- C. R. Thompson,
- C. R. Thompson,
- T. Ryerson,
- T. Hanisco,
- G. M. Wolfe,
- G. M. Wolfe,
- J. M. St. Clair,
- J. M. St. Clair,
- M. Thayer,
- F. N. Keutsch,
- F. N. Keutsch,
- S. Murphy,
- J. de Gouw,
- J. de Gouw
Affiliations
- A. Koss
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA
- A. Koss
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- A. Koss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, USA
- B. Yuan
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA
- B. Yuan
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- B. Yuan
- now at: Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- C. Warneke
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA
- C. Warneke
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- J. B. Gilman
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA
- B. M. Lerner
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA
- B. M. Lerner
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- B. M. Lerner
- now at: Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA, USA
- P. R. Veres
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA
- P. R. Veres
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- J. Peischl
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA
- J. Peischl
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- S. Eilerman
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA
- S. Eilerman
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- R. Wild
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA
- R. Wild
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- S. S. Brown
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA
- S. S. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, USA
- C. R. Thompson
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA
- C. R. Thompson
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- T. Ryerson
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA
- T. Hanisco
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- G. M. Wolfe
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- G. M. Wolfe
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
- J. M. St. Clair
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- J. M. St. Clair
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
- M. Thayer
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- F. N. Keutsch
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- F. N. Keutsch
- Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- S. Murphy
- University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
- J. de Gouw
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- J. de Gouw
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, CO, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-2941-2017
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 10
pp. 2941 – 2968
Abstract
VOCs related to oil and gas extraction operations in the United States were measured by H3O+ chemical ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (H3O+ ToF-CIMS/PTR-ToF-MS) from aircraft during the Shale Oil and Natural Gas Nexus (SONGNEX) campaign in March–April 2015. This work presents an overview of major VOC species measured in nine oil- and gas-producing regions, and a more detailed analysis of H3O+ ToF-CIMS measurements in the Permian Basin within Texas and New Mexico. Mass spectra are dominated by small photochemically produced oxygenates and compounds typically found in crude oil: aromatics, cyclic alkanes, and alkanes. Mixing ratios of aromatics were frequently as high as those measured downwind of large urban areas. In the Permian, the H3O+ ToF-CIMS measured a number of underexplored or previously unreported species, including aromatic and cycloalkane oxidation products, nitrogen heterocycles including pyrrole (C4H5N) and pyrroline (C4H7N), H2S, and a diamondoid (adamantane) or unusual monoterpene. We additionally assess the specificity of a number of ion masses resulting from H3O+ ion chemistry previously reported in the literature, including several new or alternate interpretations.
