Infection and Drug Resistance (Jan 2020)
Role Of Vitamin-D Supplementation In TB/HIV Co-Infected Patients
Abstract
Birhanu Ayelign, 1 Meseret Workneh, 1 Meseret Derbew Molla, 2 Gashaw Dessie 2 1Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical And Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 2Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine And Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Birhanu Ayelign Email [email protected]: This review aimed to assess the role of vitamin D supplementation on the decrement of mortality and morbidity rate among tuberculosis (TB)/human immune deficiency virus (HIV) co-infected clients.Method: Pub Med, google scholar and google search were accessed to find out all document to describe this review article.Results: Nowadays TB/HIV co-infection has become a major global concern, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV infections are co-endemic and more susceptible to the progression of TB. Immunosuppression associated with HIV is a strong risk factor for the reactivation of latent TB to the active form. Immune cells like macrophages recognized Mycobacterium tuberculosis through TLR2/1, and it increases the expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and CYP27B1. The synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D promotes VDR-mediated transactivation of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin and the killing of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cathelicidins have a direct antimicrobial effect through membrane disruption. Besides, it has also antiviral effects via inhibition of retrovirus (HIV) replication. In fact, as some studies showed, there was a lower induction of cathelicidin in monocytes who have low vitamin D levels.Conclusion: Therefore, vitamin D supplementation can be directly involved in the reduction of TB/HIV co-infection and its progression.Keywords: vitamin D, tuberculosis, HIV
