The Effect of Control-released Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Wound Healing: Histological Analyses and Clinical Application

Abstract

Background: Basic fibroblast growth factors (bFGFs) play a crucial role in wound healing by promoting fibroblast proliferation and neovascularization. However, drawback of bFGF is short half-life in free form. Gelatin has a capability of sustaining growth factors, which are gradually released while degradation. The purpose of this study is to see whether bFGF-impregnated gelatin sheet is effective in a murine model and whether it could also be available for patients in a safe manner. Methods: Full-thickness skin defect was created on C57BL/6J mice and covered with bFGF with gelatin sheet (group A), bFGF without gelatin sheet (group B), phosphate buffer saline (PBS) with gelatin sheet (group C), and only PBS (group D). Wound healing was evaluated in terms of percent wound closure, granulation thickness, wound maturity, and vascular density. Clinical trial was conducted for patients who received either acute or chronic ulcers. The sheets were put onto the wounds and covered by hydrocolloid dressing, which was changed weekly. Results: Groups A and B exhibited better wound healing than groups C and D in all aspects. Moreover, group A showed better results than group B at day 7 in terms of wound closure, collagen maturity, and vascularity. Efficacy without any adverse events was found in the clinical series. Conclusions: These findings suggest that control-released bFGF using gelatin sheet is effective for promoting wound healing. Such therapeutic strategy was considered to offer several clinical advantages including rapid healing and reduction of the dressing change with less patient discomfort.