Biogenic Gold Nanoparticles as Potent Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Nano-Antibiotics against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>
Syed Ghazanfar Ali,
Mohammad Azam Ansari,
Mohammad A. Alzohairy,
Mohammad N. Alomary,
Sami AlYahya,
Mohammad Jalal,
Haris M. Khan,
Sarah Mousa Maadi Asiri,
Wasim Ahmad,
Abbas Ali Mahdi,
Ahmed M. El-Sherbeeny,
Mohammed A. El-Meligy
Affiliations
Syed Ghazanfar Ali
Department of Microbiology, Nanotechnology and Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Research Laboratory, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202001, Uttar Pradesh, India
Mohammad Azam Ansari
Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
Mohammad A. Alzohairy
Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qassim 51431, Saudi Arabia
Mohammad N. Alomary
National Center for Biotechnology, Life Science and Environmental Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh P.O. Box 6086, Saudi Arabia
Sami AlYahya
National Center for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, P.O. Box 6086, Saudi Arabia
Mohammad Jalal
Department of Microbiology, Nanotechnology and Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Research Laboratory, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202001, Uttar Pradesh, India
Haris M. Khan
Department of Microbiology, Nanotechnology and Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Research Laboratory, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202001, Uttar Pradesh, India
Sarah Mousa Maadi Asiri
Department of Biophysics, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Wasim Ahmad
Department of Pharmacy, Mohammad Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia
Abbas Ali Mahdi
Departments of Biochemistry, King George Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
Ahmed M. El-Sherbeeny
Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
Mohammed A. El-Meligy
Advance Manufacturing Institute, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
Abstract: Plant-based synthesis of eco-friendly nanoparticles has widespread applications in many fields, including medicine. Biofilm—a shield for pathogenic microorganisms—once formed, is difficult to destroy with antibiotics, making the pathogen resistant. Here, we synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using the stem of an Ayurvedic medicinal plant, Tinospora cordifolia, and studied the action of AuNPs against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm. The synthesized AuNPs were characterized by techniques such as ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy. The AuNPs were spherically shaped with an average size of 16.1 nm. Further, the subminimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of AuNPs (50, 100, and 150 µg/mL) greatly affected the biofilm-forming ability of P. aeruginosa, as observed by crystal violet assay and SEM, which showed a decrease in the number of biofilm-forming cells with increasing AuNP concentration. This was further justified by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), which showed irregularities in the structure of the biofilm at the sub-MIC of AuNPs. Further, the interaction of AuNPs with PAO1 at the highest sub-MIC (150 µg/mL) showed the internalization of the nanoparticles, probably affecting the tendency of PAO1 to colonize on the surface of the nanoparticles. This study suggests that green-synthesized AuNPs can be used as effective nano-antibiotics against biofilm-related infections caused by P. aeruginosa.
