Short-Term Straw Return Combined with Nitrogen Fertilizer Alters the Soil Nitrogen Supply in Rice–Rapeseed Planting Systems
Haicheng Wu,
Zhi Zhang,
Cheng Hu,
Donghai Liu,
Yan Qiao,
Zhuoxi Xiao,
Yupeng Wu
Affiliations
Haicheng Wu
Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
Zhi Zhang
Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
Cheng Hu
Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
Donghai Liu
Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
Yan Qiao
Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
Zhuoxi Xiao
Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
Yupeng Wu
College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
This study aimed to assess the influences of short-term straw return combined with nitrogen (N) fertilizer on crop yield, soil properties, the bacterial community, and soil nitrogen cycling gene abundance in a rice–rapeseed planting system. A two-year field experiment was conducted in a paddy field from 2019 to 2021. There were four treatments in the experiment: −N−S, no N applied with no straw return; −N+S, no N applied with straw return; +N−S, N applied with no straw return; and +N+S, N applied with straw return. The results showed that short-term straw return combined with N fertilizer could increase crop yield and N use efficiency. N fertilizer application had a positive effect on Gemmatimonadota and Desulfobacterota abundance. Straw returning had a positive effect on Desulfobacterota and Proteobacteria abundance. N fertilization significantly increased the abundance of amoA-AOA, amoA-AOB, and nxrB in agricultural soils. Straw return and N fertilization were not conducive to denitrification. We conclude that short-term straw return combined with N fertilizer in rice-growing areas not only increase crop yield and improve crop N uptake but also increase SOM, total N, and NH4+ and improve the soil microbial activity and N use efficiency.