The potential of cardiovascular diseases’ prevention according to the results of dispensary examinations of the adult population

Abstract

Aim. To examine the relationship between early detection of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) during dispensary examinations of theadult population with cardiovascular mortality and assess the possibilityand feasibility of periodic examinations for prevention of CVD.Material and methods. During comparative statistical and analytical research we studied standardized CVD mortality rate, prevalence of newly diagnosed CVD and risk factors (RF) among subjects of different ages (smoking, risk of detrimental alcohol consumption, poor nutrition, low physical activity, increased body weight with a BMI >25,0 kg/m2, hypercholesterolemia >5 mmol/l, hyperglycemia >6,1 mmol/l). Statistical analysis was conducted by descriptive statistics methods, Pearson correlation analysis with Student’s t-test.Results. In the subjects of the Central Federal District, compared with the Russian Federation, the frequency of newly diagnosed cases of CVD was less. However, the correlation of this indicator with the age structure of patients was not observed (r=0,17, p>0,05), what means low quality of medical examination. The incidence of newly diagnosed CVD was lower in regions with a higher rate of CVD mortality and there was a tendency to lower coverage of these patients with dispensary observation (r=-0,28, p>0,05). The RF prevalence in dispensary examinations is lower than during epidemiological studies, which also confirms the need to improve the completeness and quality of dispensary surveys, starting with questionnaires. At young age correlation of newly diagnosed CVD with factors of unhealthy lifestyle is more often recorded, and at the age of >40 years, metabolic RF (increased body weight, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia) are added. Conclusion. We identified interregional differences and insufficient dispensary quality regarding early diagnostics of CVD and RF. It allowed determining priority areas for the regions of the Central Federal District — disease intelligence, the coverage of dispensary examinations, and multifactorial preventive counseling. While ensuring the completeness and quality, the results of dispensary examinations can be proposed for CVD prevention. Abidance by multifactor approach to recommendations for reducing the risk of CVD and their complications is important.

Keywords

• сердечно-сосудистые заболевания
• факторы риска
• диспансеризация
• диспансерное наблюдение
• качество и полнота профилактики
• первичное звено здравоохранения