Biomarkers of vascular calcification: their relationship with diseases of the cardiovascular system and their importance in clinical practice

Abstract

The literature review highlights the results of the most recent foreign and Russian studies on topical problems of vascular calcification with an emphasis on the relationship between some biochemical markers of vascular calcification (in priority osteoprotegerin and osteopontin) with cardiovascular disease and other associated conditions. Including some provisions of the reviewed studies help to clarify the pathophysiology mechanisms of vascular calcification. And it should also be noted that many aspects of the reviewed studies are directly related to a clinical practice. The purpose of this review is to generalize and systematize current knowledge about the contribution of vascular calcification biochemical markers to vascular tunic pathology, which finally leads to cardiovascular events. To prepare it, the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, MDPI, Hindawi, Oxford Academic were used.

Keywords

• vascular calcification
• atherosclerotic plaque
• potential biomarkers
• osteoprotegerin
• osteopontin
• osteonectin
• osteocalcin