EMBRYOTOXIC EFFECT OF CADMIUM CHLORIDE AND CUPRUM DURING THE ENTIRE PREGNANCY PERIOD IN WHITE RATS

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most common and harmful transition metals present in our environment. In the modern world, the bodies of residents of urban areas are simultaneously affected by many harmful chemical compounds that are teratogenic, that is, harmful to human and animal fetuses. Pregnancy is a special physiological state, and prenatal development is a critical period in the etiology of pathological changes in embryogenesis. Therefore, the study of the influence of cadmium compounds on embryonic development is relevant today. Teratogenic drugs act during certain critical periods of ontogenesis, especially during embryogenesis. The purpose of the work is to determine the effect of low doses of cadmium (2,0 mg/kg) and copper (0,1 mg/ kg) on the general course of embryogenesis in rats with combined administration throughout the entire period of pregnancy of white rats. To carry out the research, females with a dated pregnancy were obtained, for this we studied the estrous cycle of females by the method of vaginal smears. The solutions were administered through a probe, intragastrically, daily (once a day) from the first day of pregnancy: the first group – control, the second group – administration of a cadmium chloride solution at a dose of 2,0 mg/kg – the group of isolated cadmium administration, and the third – the group of combined administration cadmium chloride, at a dose of 2,0 mg/kg, together with copper succinate at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg. The cadmium chloride solution was of ionic form, and the copper succinate solution was of nanoaquachelate form. The intrauterine survival rate was the highest in the control group on the 19th day of embryogenesis (95,29%), and the lowest in the group exposed to cadmium chloride on the 19th day (75,07%). As the analysis of the obtained results showed, there is a pronounced embryotoxic effect of cadmium chloride on the processes of embryogenesis, which is manifested by a significant increase in the indicators of total embryonic mortality, pre-implantation and post-implantation mortality compared to the control group at all studied terms of embryogenesis.

Keywords

• cadmium,copper,embryogenesis,embryotoxicity,embryos.