Electrode materials for brain–machine interface: A review
Nan Wu,
Shu Wan,
Shi Su,
Haizhou Huang,
Guangbin Dou,
Litao Sun
Affiliations
Nan Wu
SEU‐FEI Nano‐Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System Southeast University Nanjing China
Shu Wan
Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, Key Disciplines Laboratory of Novel Micro‐Nano Devices and System Technology, School of Optoelectronics Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing China
Shi Su
SEU‐FEI Nano‐Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System Southeast University Nanjing China
Haizhou Huang
SEU‐FEI Nano‐Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System Southeast University Nanjing China
Guangbin Dou
SEU‐FEI Nano‐Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System Southeast University Nanjing China
Litao Sun
SEU‐FEI Nano‐Pico Center, Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Micro/Nano Fabrication, Device and System Southeast University Nanjing China
Abstract Brain–machine interface (BMI) is a device that translates neuronal information into commands, which is capable of controlling external software or hardware, such as a computer or robotic arm. In consequence, the electrodes with desirable electrical and mechanical properties for direct interacting between neural tissues and machines serves as the crucial and critical part of BMI technology. Nowadays, the development of material science provides many advanced electrodes for neural stimulating and recording. Particularly, the widespread applications of nanotechnologies have innovatively introduced biocompatible electrode that can have similar characteristics with neural tissue. This paper reviews the existing problems and discusses the latest development of electrode materials for BMI, including conducting polymers, silicon, carbon nanowires, graphene, and hybrid organic–inorganic nanomaterials. In addition, we will inspect at the technical and scientific challenges in the development of neural electrode for a broad application of BMI with focus on the biocompatibility, mechanical mismatch, and electrical performance of electrode materials.
