Effects of Light Attenuation through Dental Tissues on Cure Depth of Composite Resins

Abstract

Objective. Polymerization of light-cured resin-based materials is well documented; however, the intensity of the activating light can be reduced by passage through air, dental structure, or restoration compromising the physical and mechnical properties of the restoration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the depth of cure of different light cured composite resins polymerized directly or transdental, through enamel and enamel/dentin tissues. Material and methods. Five composite resins were selected for this experiment: SureFil SDR, Dentsply (SDR), Filtek Supreme Plus, 3M ESPE (FSP), Aelite LS, Bisco (ALS), Filtek LS, 3M ESPE (FLS), and TPH, Dentsply (TPH). Thirty specimens of each material were prepared with 2- or 4-mm thickness. The specimens were light-cured (Elipar 2500, 3M ESPE) for 40 sec using three different protocols: direct or transdental, through a disc of enamel with 1 mm of thickness, and a disc of enamel and dentin with 2 mm of thickness. Eight Vickers microhardness (VH) measurements were taken from each specimen, four on top and four on bottom surface (Micromet, Buehler, 100 g per 15 sec). Data was analyzed with ANOVA three-way, Tukey HSD post-hoc (α = .05). Results. Bottom surfaces of specimens exhibited statistically significant lower Vickers microhardness than the top surfaces for all composite resin evaluated, regardless of the curing conditions, except for the SDR when direct light-cured. Transdental light curing through enamel/dentin layer, significantly decreased VH (P<0.05) on the bottom surface of all composite groups. Conclusion. The results of this study showed that light-curing attenuation of dental structures negatively affect the micro-hardness of composite resins.

Keywords

• Composite resins
• Light curing
• Vickers hardness
• Trans-dental polymerization
• Low-shrinkage composite
• Flowable composite